Tellingly, Kurtzman resisted doing feature parodies of either Li'l Abner or Dick Tracy in the comic book Mad, despite their prominence. Li'l Abner is an American comic strip series created by Al Capp, which syndicated from August 1934 to November 1977. I stayed on longer than I should have," he admitted. With adult readers far outnumbering juveniles, Li'l Abner forever cleared away the concept that humor strips were solely the domain of adolescents and children. White, David Manning, and Robert H. Abel, eds. Mammy dominated the Yokum clan through the force of her personality, and dominated everyone else with her fearsome right uppercut (sometimes known as her "Goodnight, Irene" punch), which helped her uphold law, order and decency. or even Little Annie Fanny. Those born after the strip ceased publication may look at samples and see only humor based on stereotypical hillbilly culture, but when you follow the adventures of the citizens of Dogpatch over the years, it was so much more than that. Li'l Abner Yokum: The star of Capp's classic comic strip was hardly "little." Charlie Chaplin, William F. Buckley, Al Hirschfeld, Harpo Marx, Russ Meyer, John Kenneth Galbraith, Ralph Bakshi, Shel Silverstein, Hugh Downs, Gene Shalit, Frank Cho, Daniel Clowes[44] and (reportedly) even Queen Elizabeth have confessed to being fans of Li'l Abner. Forget about it — slam dunk! Besides being fearless, Fosdick was "pure, underpaid and purposeful," according to his creator. Li'l Abner's success also sparked a handful of comic strip imitators. There are 55 li'l abner comic for sale on Etsy, and they cost $27.98 on average. !," was a devastating satire of Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster's notorious exploitation by DC Comics over Superman (see above excerpt). Updates? His appearances on NBC's The Tonight Show spanned three emcees; Steve Allen, Jack Paar and Johnny Carson. Various Asian, Latin, Native American and European characters spoke in a wide range of specific, broadly caricatured dialects as well. Li'l Abner is a satirical American comic strip that appeared in many newspapers in the United States, Canada and Europe, featuring a fictional clan of hillbillies in the impoverished mountain village of Dogpatch, USA. Comic dialects were also devised for offbeat British characters — like H'Inspector Blugstone of Scotland Yard (who had a Cockney accent) and Sir Cecil Cesspool (whose speech was a clipped, uppercrust King's English). "Capp had always advocated a more activist agenda for the Society, and he had begun in December 1949 to make his case in the Newsletter as well as at the meetings," wrote comics historian R. C. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. After about 40 years, however, Capp's interest in Abner waned, and this showed in the strip itself... Li'l Abner lasted until November 13, 1977, when Capp retired with an apology to his fans for the recently declining quality of the strip, which he said had been the best he could manage due to advancing illness. Abner was 6' 3" in his stockinged feet (if he wore stockings), and perpetually 19 "y'ars" old. John Updike, calling Li'l Abner a "hillbilly Candide," added that the strip's "richness of social and philosophical commentary approached the Voltairean. Lower Slobbovia and Dogpatch are both comic examples of modern dystopian satire. "When Li'l Abner made its debut in 1934, the vast majority of comic strips were designed chiefly to amuse or thrill their readers. Other fictional locales included Skonk Hollow, El Passionato, Kigmyland, the Republic of Crumbumbo, Lo Kunning, Faminostan, Planets Pincus Number 2 and 7, Pineapple Junction and, most notably, the Valley of the Shmoon. The most common li'l abner comic material is glass. The comic strip had 60 million readers in over 900 American newspapers and 100 foreign papers in 28 countries. I'll fight ya, and I'll win! Capp claimed that he found the right "look" for Li'l Abner with, "I didn't start this Mammy Yokum did." In 1949, when the all-male club refused membership to Hilda Terry, creator of the comic strip Teena, Capp temporarily resigned in protest. Its title character, Abner Yokum, was a handsome, muscle-bound hillbilly, as lazy as he was dull witted. A description of tropes appearing in Li'l Abner. Capp introduced Tiny to fill the bachelor role played reliably for nearly two decades by Little Abner himself, until his fateful 1952 marriage threw the carefully orchestrated dynamic of the strip out of whack for a period. In the midst of the Great Depression, the hardscrabble residents of lowly Dogpatch allowed suffering Americans to laugh at yokels even worse off than themselves. The comprehensive series titled Li'l Abner: The Complete Dailies & Color Sundays, is planned to be a reprinting of the complete 43-year history of Li'l Abner[58] spanning a projected 20 volumes, began on April 7, 2010. Comparing Capp to other contemporary humorists, McLuhan once wrote: "Arno, Nash, and Thurber are brittle, wistful little précieux beside Capp!" [4] Abner typically had no visible means of support, but sometimes earned his livelihood as a "crescent cutter" for the Little Wonder Privy Company, later changed to "mattress tester" for the Stunned Ox Mattress Company. The comic strip abounded in stereotypes of Appalachia. Later, Capp licensed and was part-owner of an 800-acre (3.2 km2) $35 million theme park called Dogpatch USA near Harrison, Arkansas. Little Abner Yokum: Abner was 6' 3" and perpetually 19 "years" old. Fosdick's duty, as he sees it, is not so much to maintain safety as to destroy crime, and it's too much to ask any law-enforcement officer to do both, I suppose." Similarities between Li'l Abner and the early Mad include the incongruous use of mock-Yiddish slang terms, the nose-thumbing disdain for pop culture icons, the rampant black humor, the dearth of sentiment and the broad visual styling. (The relative explained she would have dropped him off sooner, but waited until she happened to be in the neighborhood.) Li’l Abner was created in 1934 by cartoonist Al Capp. I've never heard anyone mention this, but Capp is 100% responsible for inspiring Harvey Kurtzman to create Mad Magazine. [55] "When he retired Li'l Abner, newspapers ran expansive articles and television commentators talked about the passing of an era. — as well as some purely fanciful worlds of Capp's imagination: Exceeding every burlesque stereotype of Appalachia, the impoverished backwater of Dogpatch consisted mostly of hopelessly ramshackle log cabins, "tarnip" fields, pine trees and "hawg" wallows. Fearless Fosdick premiered on Sunday afternoons on NBC; 13 episodes featuring the Mary Chase marionettes were produced. Capp derived the family name "Yokum" as a combination of yokel and hokum. Li’l Abner was created in 1934 by cartoonist Al Capp. In October 1947, Li'l Abner met Rockwell P. Squeezeblood, head of the abusive and corrupt Squeezeblood Syndicate, a thinly veiled dig at UFS. Favorite Add to The World of Li'l Abner Al Capp, Ten Favorite Comic Episodes, Paperback Comic, 1965 Edition, Intro by John Steinbeck AudsBiz. The goings-on in the rural Southern community of Dogpatch, USA. Al Capp’s “Li’l Abner”, featuring the winning portrait of Lena the Hyena by Basil Wolverton. [10] His first words were "pork chop," and that remained his favorite food. Capp, a lifelong chain smoker, died from emphysema two years later at age 70, at his home in South Hampton, New Hampshire on November 5, 1979. $22.95. Since then, Li’l Abner has been reprinted at various times. Al Capp was a master of the arts of marketing and promotion. Like the Coconino County depicted in George Herriman's Krazy Kat and the Okefenokee Swamp of Walt Kelly's Pogo, and, most recently and famously, The Simpsons' "Springfield", Dogpatch's distinctive cartoon landscape became as identified with the strip as any of its characters. Wed!!". Cute, lovable and intelligent (arguably smarter than Abner, Tiny or Pappy), she was accepted as part of the family ("the youngest," as Mammy invariably introduces her). Sensitive to his own experience working on Joe Palooka, Capp frequently drew attention to his assistants in interviews and publicity pieces. At one extreme, he displayed consistently devastating humor, while at the other, his mean-spiritedness came to the fore — but which was which seems to depend on the commentator's own point of view. It all turned out to be a collaborative hoax, however — cooked up by Capp and his longtime pal Saunders as an elaborate publicity stunt. [30] Li'l Abner featured a whole menagerie of allegorical animals over the years — each one was designed to satirically showcase another disturbing aspect of human nature. The most popular color? ", "Wal, fry mah hide!" Shmoos, introduced in 1948, were fabulous creatures that bred exponentially, consumed nothing, and eagerly provided everything that humankind could wish for. Frigid, faraway Lower Slobbovia was fashioned as a pointedly political satire of backward nations and foreign diplomacy, and remains a contemporary reference. In addition to the enormous popularity of his comic strip, Capp was arguably the most famous cartoonist of his generation. Dogpatch characters pitched consumer products as varied as Grape-Nuts cereal, Kraft caramels, Ivory soap, Oxydol, Duz and Dreft detergents, Fruit of the Loom, Orange Crush, Nestlé's cocoa, Cheney neckties, Pedigree pencils, Strunk chainsaws, U.S. Royal tires, Head & Shoulders shampoo and General Electric light bulbs. "If you have any sense of humor about your strip — and I had a sense of humor about mine — you knew that for three or four years Abner was wrong. They included Andy Amato, Harvey Curtis, Walter Johnson and, notably, a young Frank Frazetta, who penciled the Sunday continuity from studio roughs from 1954 to the end of 1961 — before his fame as a fantasy artist. In his essay "The Decline of the Comics," (Canadian Forum, January 1954) literary critic Hugh MacLean classified American comic strips into four types: daily gag, adventure, soap opera, and "an almost lost comic ideal: the disinterested comment on life's pattern and meaning." Mobsters and criminal-types invariably spoke slangy Brooklynese, and residents of Lower Slobbovia spoke pidgin-Russian, with a smattering of Yinglish. Capp turned that world upside-down by routinely injecting politics and social commentary into Li'l Abner," wrote comics historian Rick Marschall in America's Great Comic Strip Artists (1989). Tiny Yokum: "Tiny" was a misnomer; Little Abner's kid brother remained perpetually innocent and 15½ "years" old — despite the fact that he was an imposing, 7-foot (2.1 m) tall behemoth. Of course Mammy solved the problem with a tooth extraction, and ended the episode with her most famous dictum. Li'l Abner: A Study in American Satire by Arthur Asa Berger (Twayne, 1969) contained serious analyses of Capp's narrative technique, his use of dialogue, self-caricature and grotesquerie, the strip's overall place in American satire, and the significance of social criticism and the graphic image. Al Capp once told one of his assistants that he knew Li'l Abner had finally "arrived" when it was first pirated as a pornographic Tijuana bible parody in the mid-1930s. Fans of the strip ranged from novelist John Steinbeck, who called Capp "very possibly the best writer in the world today" in 1953, and even earnestly recommended him for the Nobel Prize in literature — to media critic and theorist Marshall McLuhan, who considered Capp "the only robust satirical force in American life." The resulting sequence, "Jack Jawbreaker Fights Crime! A naïve, simpleminded, gullible and sweet-natured hillbilly, he lived in a ramshackle log cabin with his pint-sized parents. In 1952, Fearless Fosdick proved popular enough to be incorporated into a short-lived TV series. Fearless Fosdick and other Li'l Abner comic strip parodies, such as "Jack Jawbreaker!" Capp has credited his inspiration for vividly stylized language to early literary influences like Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and Damon Runyon, as well as Old-time radio and the Burlesque stage. Pappy was so lazy and ineffectual, he didn't even bathe himself. Sadie Hawkins Day and Sadie Hawkins dance are two of several terms attributed to Al Capp that have entered the English language. The latest in a series of lovely native maidens who enticed the normally stoic Lonesome Polecat, the list also included Minnie Mustache, Raving Dove, Little Turkey Wing and … 1 (1934–1936). However, due to its enormous popularity and the numerous fan letters he received, Capp made it a tradition in the strip every November, lasting four decades. Gould was also personally parodied in the series as cartoonist Lester Gooch — the diminutive, much-harassed and occasionally deranged "creator" of Fearless Fosdick. Corrections? [43] Journalism Quarterly and Time have both called him "the Mark Twain of cartoonists." Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Fosdick's own wedding to longtime fiancée Prudence Pimpleton turned out to be a dream — but Abner and Daisy's ceremony, performed by Marrying' Sam, was permanent. Ending Feb 14 at 1:11PM PST 4d 17h. Her authority was unquestioned, and her characteristic phrase, "Ah has spoken! Three members of the original Broadway cast did not appear in the film version: Charlotte Rae (who was replaced by Billie Hayes early in the stage production), Edie Adams (who was pregnant during the filming) and Tina Louise. Li'l Abner moves to New York to live with his rich aunt and has to dodge both kidnappers and grasping socialites! It was later reprinted in The World of Li'l Abner (1953). "[49] At its peak, the strip was read daily by 70 million Americans (when the U.S. population was only 180 million), with a circulation of more than 900 newspapers in North America and Europe. (In his book The American Language, H.L. The musical has since become a perennial favorite of high school and amateur productions, due to its popular appeal and modest production requirements. By 1952, the event was reportedly celebrated at 40,000 known venues. ", signaled the end of all further discussion. Although it lacks the political satire and Broadway polish of the 1959 version, this film gives a fairly accurate portrayal of the various Dogpatch characters up until that time. The story concerns Daisy Mae's efforts to catch Li'l Abner on Sadie Hawkins Day. And now we'll all sing our new songs of protest!! Before long he was in hundreds more, with a total readership exceeding 60,000,000. The term shmoo has also entered the lexicon — used in defining highly technical concepts in no fewer than four separate fields of science. [36] Washable Jones later appeared in the strip in a Shmoo-related storyline in 1949, and he appeared with the Shmoos in two one-shot comics -- Al Capp's Shmoo in Washable Jones' Travels (1950, a premium for Oxydol laundry detergent) and Washable Jones and the Shmoo #1 (1953, published by the Capp-owned publisher Toby Press). Since his death in 1979, Al Capp and his work have been the subject of more than 40 books, including three biographies. When Capp finally gave in to reader pressure and allowed the couple to tie the knot, it was a major media event. Li'l Abner was a comic strip with fire in its belly and a brain in its head. Outside the comic strip, the practical basis of a Sadie Hawkins dance is simply one of gender role-reversal. "When Fosdick is after a lawbreaker, there is no escape for the miscreant," Capp wrote in 1956. Al Capp was reportedly not pleased with the results, and the series was discontinued after five shorts.[62]. (Response: ", "What's good for General Bullmoose is good for, "Th' ideel o' ev'ry one hunnerd percent, red-blooded American boy! In point of fact, Capp maintained creative control over every stage of production for virtually the entire run of the strip. In one story line he lives up to his nickname when during a nationwide search for George Washington’s missing socks (the finder gets to shake the President of the United States hand); after dishonestly producing a fraudulent pair, he confess to the truth at the last second. From the San Francisco Academy of Comic Art collection, The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum "Daisy Mae" redirects here. [28] Its hapless residents were perpetually waist-deep in several feet of snow, and icicles hung from almost every frostbitten nose. Charlton published the short-lived Hillbilly Comics by Art Gates in 1955, featuring "Gumbo Galahad," who was a dead ringer for Li'l Abner, as was Pokey Oakey by Don Dean, which ran in MLJ's Top-Notch Laugh and Pep Comics. Local attractions that reappeared in the strip included the West Po'k Chop Railroad; the "Skonk Works", a dilapidated factory located on the remote outskirts of Dogpatch; and the General Jubilation T. Cornpone memorial statue. Capp also excelled at product endorsement, and Li'l Abner characters were often featured in mid-century American advertising campaigns. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In his seminal book Understanding Media, Marshall McLuhan considered Li'l Abner's Dogpatch "a paradigm of the human situation." In 2002 the Chicago Tribune, in a review of The Short Life and Happy Times of the Shmoo, noted: "The wry, ornery, brilliantly perceptive satirist will go down as one of the Great American Humorists." Eisner Award-winning editor/designer Dean Mullaney and biographical writer Bruce Canwell return to Dogpatch's roots in Volume 1 of The Complete Li'l Abner, containing Al Capp's comedy masterpiece from 1934-1936, including full-color Sunday pages never before collected in book form. Since this movie predates their comic strip marriage, Abner makes a last-minute escape (natcherly!). First in the 1979 The New Shmoo (later incorporated into Fred and Barney Meet the Shmoo), and again from 1980 to 1981 in the Flintstone Comedy Show, in the Bedrock Cops segments. When Capp created the event, it wasn't his intention to have it occur annually on a specific date, because it inhibited his freewheeling plotting. The Sunday page debuted six months into the run of the strip. It was a commentary on human nature itself. The idea was reportedly abandoned in the development stage by the producers, however, for reasons of practicality. In 1946 Capp persuaded six of the most popular radio personalities (Frank Sinatra, Kate Smith, Danny Kaye, Bob Hope, Fred Waring and Smilin' Jack Smith) to broadcast a song he'd written for Daisy Mae: (Li'l Abner) Don't Marry That Girl!! Like Mammy Yokum and the other "womenfolk" in Dogpatch, Daisy Mae did all the work, domestic and otherwise — while the useless menfolk generally did nothing whatsoever. [9] Pappy is dull-witted and gullible (in one story line after he is conned by Marrying Sam into buying Vanishing cream because he thinks it makes him invisible when he picks a fight with his nemesis Earthquake McGoon), but not completely without guile. The menfolk were too lazy to work, yet Dogpatch gals were desperate enough to chase them (see Sadie Hawkins Day). Capp was a genius. The shmoo (plural: shmoos, also shmoon) is a fictional cartoon creature created by Al Capp (1909–1979); the character first appeared in the comic strip Li'l Abner on August 31, 1948. 5 out of 5 stars (41) 41 reviews $ 5.99. In addition, Capp was a frequent celebrity guest. [5] Early in the strip's history, Abner's primary goal in life was evading the marital designs of Daisy Mae Scragg, the virtuous, voluptuous, barefoot Dogpatch damsel and scion of the Yokums blood feud enemies — the Scraggs, her bloodthirsty, semi-evolved kinfolk. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. It first appeared in 1942, and proved so popular that it ran intermittently in Li'l Abner over the next 35 years. "), "Neither the strip's shifting political leanings nor the slide of its final few years had any bearing on its status as a classic; and in 1995, it was recognized as such by the, "ABNER" was the name given to the first codebreaking computer used by the, The original Dogpatch is a historical part of San Francisco dating back to the 1860s that escaped the, Li'l Abner, Daisy Mae, Wolf Gal, Earthquake McGoon, Lonesome Polecat, Hairless Joe, Sadie Hawkins, Silent Yokum and Fearless Fosdick all found their way onto the, Al Capp always claimed to have effectively created the, Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. Her most familiar phrase, however, is "Good is better than evil because it's nicer!" Mammy was regularly seen scrubbing Pappy in an outdoor oak tub ("Once a month, rain or shine"). Brown, Rodger, "Dogpatch USA: The Road to Hokum" article, explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Li'l Abner: The Complete Dailies & Color Sundays, Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story, Little Abner "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Daisy Mae "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Mammy Yokum "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Pappy Yokum "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Honest Abe "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Tiny Yokum "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Marryin' Sam "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Kickapoo Joy Juice page at deniskitchen.com, Sioux City Soos at Baseball-Reference.com, Joe Btfsplk "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Al Capp: A Life to the Contrary - Michael Schumacher, Denis Kitchen - Google Books, Stupefyin' Jones "biography" at deniskitchen.com, General Bullmoose "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Earthquake McGoon "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Evil-Eye Fleegle "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Sadie Hawkins "biography" at deniskitchen.com, Fearless Fosdick "biography" at deniskitchen.com, The Shmoo "biography" at deniskitchen.com. Then look at Mad's "Teddy and the Pirates," "Superduperman!" Lower Slobbovians spoke with burlesque pidgin-Russian accents; the miserable frozen wasteland of Capp's invention abounded in incongruous Yiddish humor. In the fourth type, according to MacLean, there were only two: Pogo and Li'l Abner. The local children were read harrowing tales from "Ice-sop's Fables," which were parodies of classic Aesop Fables, but with a darkly sardonic bent (and titles like "Coldilocks and the Three Bares"). It became a woman-empowering rite at high schools and college campuses, long before the modern feminist movement gained prominence. Goldstein, Kalman, "Al Capp and Walt Kelly: Pioneers of Political and Social Satire in the Comics" from, Inge, M. Thomas, "Li'l Abner, Snuffy and Friends" from, This page was last edited on 8 February 2021, at 16:56. (1947) and "Little Fanny Gooney" (1952), were almost certainly an inspiration to Harvey Kurtzman when he created his irreverent Mad, which began in 1952 as a comic book that specifically parodied other comics in the same subversive manner. Like Abner, most of the men of Dogpatch were cast as essentially useless to society; all the real work was done by the “wimmenfolk.” One such woman was the curvaceous and beautiful yet hard-working Daisy Mae Scragg, who was hopelessly in love with Abner and pursued him fruitlessly for years before they finally married in 1952; they produced a child, Honest Abe, in 1953. Lena the Hyena makes a brief animated appearance in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). 1 drawing : ink, blue pencil, and opaque white over graphite underdrawing with benday film and paste-on ; 15.8 x 50.3 cm (sheet) | Drawing for single panel comic strip showing Li'l... Contributor: Capp, Al Date: 1967 There were even Dogpatch-themed family restaurants called "Li'l Abner's" in Louisville, Kentucky, Morton Grove, Illinois and Seattle, Washington. Many have commented on the shift in Capp's political viewpoint, from as liberal as Pogo in his early years to as conservative as Little Orphan Annie when he reached middle age. [27] In Al Capp's own words, Dogpatch was "an average stone-age community nestled in a bleak valley, between two cheap and uninteresting hills somewhere." Li'l Abner appears in 390 issues View all Tip Top Comics. Harvey. For the game featuring the, 1934-1977 American comic strip by Al Capp, M. Thomas Inge, "Li'l Abner, Snuffy, Pogo, and Friends: The South in the American Comic Strip,". (also, "Wal, cuss mah bones! In America's Great Comic Strip Artists (1997), comics historian Richard Marschall analyzed the overtly misanthropic subtext of Li'l Abner: Capp was calling society absurd, not just silly; human nature not simply misguided, but irredeemably and irreducibly corrupt. He was also a periodic panelist on ABC and NBC's Who Said That? Fosdick lived in squalor at the dilapidated boarding house run by his mercenary landlady, Mrs. Flintnose. A naïve, simple-minded and sweet-natured hillbilly boy, he lived in a ramshackle log cabin with his pint-sized parents. "The Comic Page Is the Last Refuge of Classic Art". Other news is the inauguration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt as President on March 4, 1933 (although Mammy Yokum thinks the President is Teddy Roosevelt) and a picture of Germany's "new leader" Adolf Hitler who claims to love peace while reviewing 20,000 new planes (April 21, 1933); Mammy doesn't trust Hitler but Li'l Abner and Pappy think Hitler is a fine feller — since Senator Fogbound (Phogbound) says so! LI’L ABNER #1 HARDCOVER Dailies 1934-1935 Kitchen Sink. "[3], Little Abner Yokum: Abner was 6' 3" and perpetually 19 "years" old. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. From then on, he referred to it as Dogpatch, USA, and did not give any specific location as to exactly where it was supposed to be located. In one storyline Dogpatch's "Cannonball Express" train, after 1,563 tries, finally delivers its "cargo" to Dogpatch citizens — on Oct 12, 1946! Another was Abner’s mother, Mammy, the unofficial mayor of Dogpatch, who smoked a corncob pipe and kept the Yokum household running while her lazy, illiterate husband, Pappy, did little more than lie about. He was a frequent and outspoken guest on 1940s and ‘50s television.

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